京津冀地区气溶胶季节变化及与云量的关系

利用2000年3月—2008年2月中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的卫星资料,分析了京津冀平原地区大气气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和气溶胶细粒子组分比率(FMF)的时空分布特征. 结果表明:通过AOD与FMF的组合特征可判别气溶胶季节变化特征.冬、春季以粗粒子为主,但冬季AOD偏小,而在春季急剧增大;夏、秋季均以细粒子为主,但夏季AOD达到最大,秋季较小. 大气环流和气流后向轨迹分析表明,冬季到达北京的气流以西北冷空气为主,西北路径的气流轨迹占冬季气流轨迹总数的67%;春季主要受偏西、西北及偏北气流影响,这3类对沙尘天气有贡献的气流轨迹占春季气流轨迹总数比例之和达到60%;夏季主要以偏南气流和局地环流占优,这2类气流轨迹分别占夏季气流轨迹总数的52%和34%;秋季气流轨迹与春季的相似,但途经沙源的气流传输速度较春季慢.京津冀平原地区夏季AOD与云量(CF)呈正相关,AOD增加,特别是细粒子增加可能导致局地云量增多.      

A study on the obstacle-induced variation of the gas explosion characteristics

A study on the variation of the gas explosion characteristics caused by the built-in obstacles was conducted in enclosed/vented gas explosion vessels. It has been well known that the obstacles in pipes and long ducts would accelerate the flame propagation, and cause the transition from deflagration to detonation. In this study, the explosion characteristics and the flame behavior of vented explosions and constant-volume explosions were investigated. Experiments were carried out in a 270-liter and 36-liter hexahedron vessels filled with LPG–air mixture. The explosion characteristics of the gas mixture were determined by using a strain-responding pressure transducer. The flame behavior was recorded by using a high-speed video camera. The shape and the size of the obstacle, and the gas concentration, were adjusted in the experiments.

It can be seen from the experimental results that, instead of being accelerated, the flame propagation inside the explosion vessel is decelerated by the plate obstacles fixed at the bottom of the vessel. Also, the characteristics of the enclosed explosion are not so affected by the built-in obstacles as those of the vented explosion are. It is believed that the eddy-induced turbulence behind the obstacle decelerates the flame propagation.     

千层塔扦插繁殖研究

通过扦插试验,采用不同浓度水平的吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸、生根粉和吲哚丁酸＋萘乙酸等药剂处理千层塔插条,研究对插条的生根量、生根率、成活率等的影响和插条萌芽状况及扦插基质对插条生根的影响,为千层塔资源快速再生提供有效的繁殖途径。     

一体式膜-生物反应器长期运行中的膜污染控制

考察一体式膜－生物反应器运行过程中的膜污染情况,探讨造成膜污染的原因和膜污染的控制方法．结果表明,膜内表面微生物的滋生和膜外表面污泥层的附着是造成本试验膜污染的重要因素．采用２％ ～５％ 的次氯酸钠溶液进行在线药洗可以有效地去除膜内表面滋生的微生物,使膜过滤压差下降７．７～５２ｋＰａ;停止进出水,加大曝气量进行空曝气是去除膜外表面附着污泥层的重要手段,可以使膜过滤压差下降３．８～１０．８ｋＰａ;采用处理出水进行反冲洗虽然有时可以使膜过滤压差出现较大程度的降低,但随之会出现出水水质恶化,膜过滤压差急剧升高的现象．     

水雾对气体火焰传播特性影响的实验研究

本文利用自行设计的传播火焰喷雾抑制实验系统研究了水雾对甲烷火焰传播特性的影响.结果表明,在一定范围内水雾对甲烷火焰传播的抑制效率随着水流量和火焰前方流场中水雾区流体速度的增加而增加.在甲烷爆炸反应过程中,水作为第三体或惰性液滴破坏其中的链载体,从而降低了甲烷爆炸的反应能力.     

南京市夏季大气气溶胶新粒子生成事件分析

研究了南京市夏季大气气溶胶数浓度的基本特征和气溶胶新粒子生成事件的形成条件及其影响因子.应用宽范围颗粒粒径谱仪(WPS)和双光路差分吸收光谱仪(DOAS)对南京市2010年7月大气气溶胶数浓度谱分布和污染气体(O3、SO2和NO2)进行了观测,并结合气象要素观测数据和后向轨迹模式模拟,探讨了南京市夏季大气气溶胶新粒子生成的条件及其影响因子.结果表明,南京市夏季10～500nm气溶胶平均数浓度为1.7×104cm-3,与北美和欧洲的一些典型城市观测值相近;10～25 nm气溶胶粒子数浓度占总数浓度的比例为25%.观测期间共出现6次新粒子生成事件,通过分析发现比较稳定的风速风向、较强的太阳辐射有利于南京夏季新粒子的形成.南京夏季新粒子生成事件的相对湿度条件在50%～70%,通过后向轨迹模式模拟的结果发现偏东风或偏南风带来的海洋性洁净气团有利于新粒子的生成.南京夏季新粒子生成事件发生时,10～25 nm气溶胶数浓度与SO2的浓度呈正相关,与O3的浓度呈负相关,而与NO2的浓度相关性较差.     

硫酸盐还原过程中SRB的限制性生态因子的BP神经网络建模与仿真

利用BP神经网络对产酸脱硫反应器（专利设备，ZL：98240801.3）处理高浓度硫酸盐废水时硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的限制性生态因子（COD/SO^2-4比、pH值、ALK、SO^2-4负荷率）进行建模与仿真，从而实现了多变量函数关系的映射与泛化，并从数学生态学角度定量表征了产酸脱硫微生物生态系统中SRB种群的代谢活性与实现生态位。     

2种多级厌氧系统处理高浓度焦化废水

利用多级厌氧无污泥返混与多级厌氧有污泥返混系统处理高浓度焦化污水后 ,证明多级厌氧无污泥返混系统 (各步之间没有生物数量的混合 )的性能优于多级厌氧有污泥返混系统 (各步之间有生物数量混合 )。多级厌氧无污泥返混比多级厌氧有污泥返混系统更能抵抗冲击荷载 (pH值高、COD和NH3 N浓度高 )、产生更多的沼气     

How do you build back better so no one is left behind? Lessons from Sint Maarten,Dutch Caribbean,following Hurricane Irma

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals call for action to build back better in ways that leave no one behind. At the same time, ensuring a local voice is increasingly central to humanitarian engagement. These aims contrast with limited analysis of how local actors might be supported in these respects during response and recovery, and how far recommendations are specific or generalisable across richer and poorer national contexts. The paper begins by comparing lessons learnt by survivors and community organisations in Sint Maarten, Dutch Caribbean, following a high‐income state‐led response to Hurricane Irma in 2017 with the priorities of lower income, humanitarian‐led endeavours. The differences reveal the importance of economic resources as the basis for individual self‐reliance and a fragmented civil society with limited leadership ambitions in Sint Maarten. Strong cross‐cultural alignment nevertheless allows for a globally‐relevant and yet contextually‐sensitive framework for survivor‐led action and reconstruction.     

Accelerated ash accumulation method for diesel particulate filter and its characterization: a review

ABSTRACT

It is well known that high-efficiency wall-flow particulate filter is the most commonly used technology that can effectively reduce both particulate matter (PM) and particulate number (PN) to comply with the latest emission legislations. Ash, defined as the noncombustible, non-evaporative residue derived mostly from lubricants, has critical impact on engine backpressure, particulate filter filtration efficiency and durability performance, therefore, the investigation of ash impact on particulate filter is of great importance. Due to cost-saving potential, several published methods from different laboratories for accelerated ash loading under carefully controlled conditions are described in this review, including some characterization methods that have been used for the evaluation of filter performance. In addition, the impact of ash deposit on back pressure and regeneration performance are also discussed in this review.